Financial leverage in times of covid-19 pandemic as a sustainability strategy for companies in Colombia. Apalancamiento financiero en tiempo de pandemia por covid-19 como estrategia de sostenibilidad de las empresas en Colombia.

Abstract

The objective of this article was to determine the incidence of financial leverage in times of pandemic by Covid-19 in the sustainability of companies in Colombia. For this, a thorough process of recognition and quantitative analysis of the literature of financial leverage in times of pandemic was carried out, which revealed that crisis generated by covid-19 had a great impact on the economy of Colombia, for the government its main issue was the health of its population, since the confinement began throughout the country began to weaken the economies, from the household to the largest companies. In 2020 the unemployment rate was 15.9%, which presented an increase of 5.4 percentage points compared to 2019 (10.5%) which generated concern for the government as the effect of the pandemic caused a setback and instability in the economy of Colombians. For this reason, the indicator of access to financial products according to the report for natural persons grew during 2020 5.3% compared to the previous year, this means that 2.6 million natural persons acquired financial products for the first time. To conclude, it can be affirmed that the financial leverage in pandemic was subjected to the necessity of overguarding the integrity of the company by helping in the obtaining of resources, which were used to solve costs and expenses. It is well known that most of the sectors of the economy were paralyzed and therefore the normal development of the market was inefficient which made the fixed costs of maintenance to be reflected period by period. Faced with this need, Colombian companies opted for financing in order to increase their resources and to cover those expenses inherent to their operation.