Mental load on nursing staff: An integrative review
Carga mental en personal de enfermería: Una revisión integradora
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Introducción: Los profesionales de enfermería están expuestos constantemente a situaciones que generan carga como consecuencia del esfuerzo físico, mental, emocional y económico del cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar a través de la literatura científica el concepto de “Carga Mental en enfermeras”, los instrumentos de medición y las estrategias para mitigarla o prevenirla. Medotología: Se realizó una revisión integradora de literatura durante los años 2017 a 2019 sobre artículos publicados desde el año 2000. Se utilizaron las palabras clave DeCS en Español, Inglés y Portugués de: Carga de Trabajo-Workload-Carga de Trabalho, Fatiga Mental- Mental Fatigue- Fadiga Mental, Atención a la Salud Mental-Mental Health Assistance- Assistência à Saùde Mental, Enfermeras-Nurses-Enfermeiras. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: ProQuest, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Ovid Nursing, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, ClinicalKey, PubMed, SCOPUS. Se analizaron 39 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Las categorías de análisis fueron: Concepto de carga mental, instrumentos de medición de carga mental en enfermeras y estrategias para mitigarla o prevenirla. Conclusiones: La carga mental es un constructo complejo sin consenso en su definición, incluye varias dimensiones, implica realizar mediciones e intervenciones cognitivas de la función mental, estrés, asertividad y percepción. Se valora a través de medidas fisiológicas de rendimiento y subjetivas. Las últimas han sido las más utilizadas aplicando el método NASA TLX. Las estrategias para mitigarla son: uso de tecnologías, potenciación de capacidades individuales, justicia distributiva y comunicación asertiva
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