Tracheostomy complications associated with prolonged intubation. Systematic review
Complicaciones de traqueotomías asociadas a intubaciones prolongadas. Revisión sistemática
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Introduction: Tracheostomy (TQ) is present in 10.7% of mechanically ventilated (MV) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: To determine the complications of tracheostomy associated with prolonged intubation and comorbidities in adults through a review of the literature. Methods: A review of the literature was carried out in the last 5 years. The information was catalogued according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the articles was verified by means of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: A total of 24 articles were selected. The timing of tracheostomy (TQ) for prolonged intubation remains uncertain. Early TQ demonstrated greater benefits than late TQ. Percutaneous TQ demonstrated lower rates of ICU stay, hospital stay, and complications. Hemorrhage and desaturation were the most commonly reported complications associated with late TQ. Conclusion: Percutaneous TQ was the treatment of choice in most cases because it is effective, fast and safe, reduces hospital and ICU stay and the rate of complications; however, in most publications, at least one of these benefits did not reach statistical significance.
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