Sarcopenia y factores asociados en adultos mayores en Atención Primaria a la Salud: Un estudio transversal en el nordeste brasileño
Sarcopenia and associated factors in older adults in Primary Health Care: a cross-sectional study in the Brazilian Northeast
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Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sarcopenia y verificar la asociación de este desenlace con factores sociodemográficos y de salud en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Métodos: Estudio transversal con muestra representativa de adultos mayores atendidas en APS y residentes en domicilios particulares en un municipio del nordeste brasileño. Se recolectaron variables antropométricas (músculo aductor del pulgar, circunferencia de la pantorrilla, índice de masa corporal) y, como herramienta de evaluación global, se utilizó un cuestionario codificado, del cual se obtuvieron informaciones sociodemográficas y datos de salud. El resultado fue la sarcopenia identificada según los criterios del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People II. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, con test X2 de Pearson y la regresión logística binomial. Resultados: Se evaluaron 316 ancianos y se observó una prevalencia de 13,6% de sarcopenia. En la regresión logística, se atisbó una asociación significativa entre la sarcopenia y el sexo femenino (OR = 0,41; IC 95%: 0,18 - 0,95); franja de edad >80 años (OR = 3,25; IC 95%: 1,19-8,90); autopercepción de salud empeorada o incierta (OR = 0,24; IC 95%: 0,08-0,70); bajo peso (OR = 6,39; IC 95%: 2,69-15,18); y riesgo nutricional (OR = 3,83; IC 95%: 1,62-9,06). Conclusiones: Se observó prevalencia significativa de sarcopenia entre los adultos mayores acompañados en la APS, destacando la importancia de evaluar grupos específicos que presentaron un mayor riesgo. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de intervenciones para prevención y manejo de la sarcopenia, particularmente en la población anciana.
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