Facilitadores y barreras para el uso de la práctica basada en evidencia
Facilitators and barriers to the use of evidence-based practice
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Objetivo: Conocer los facilitadores y barreras para el uso de la práctica basada en evidencia (PBE) en profesionales de enfermería que laboran en el área clínica. Método: Estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, con análisis de discurso, se realizaron 6 grupos focales conformados por 3 a 7 participantes para un total de 32 personas, se utilizó un muestreo intencional; en promedio fueron grabados entre 60 a 90 minutos por grupo focal. Para el análisis se empleó la fragmentación, codificación y categorización de las entrevistas obteniendo categorías temáticas, subcategorías y códigos a partir del uso del programa Atlas Ti versión 8. Resultados: El 69 % de los entrevistados respondió que el pregrado o posgrado habían recibido algún tipo de formación en PBE, la principal fuente de información cuando tienen alguna duda en la práctica clínica son los protocolos institucionales o los compañeros con más experiencia. Los facilitadores identificados en este estudio fueron: tiempo para investigar, formación en PBE, iniciativa, grupos de investigación y compañeros; las barreras fueron: falta de apoyo institucional, poca formación en PBE, falta de tiempo, idioma, desmotivación profesional y el rechazo frente al cambio. Conclusiones: Se describen los facilitadores y barreras que presentan los profesionales de enfermería que laboran en el área clínica. Facilitadores como: tiempo para investigar, formación en PBE, iniciativa, consolidar grupos de investigación y compañeros como facilitadores; barreras como: poca formación en PBE, falta de tiempo, idioma, desmotivación y desinterés por adquirir nuevos aprendizajes y rechazo ante el cambio
Palabras clave: Práctica Basada en la Evidencia, Barreras Percibidas, Facilitadores Percibidos, Enfermería, Práctica Clínica
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