Diversity of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus): A review
Diversidad del pasto Kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus): Una revisión.
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Arango Gaviria, J. ., Echeverri Zuluaga, J. ., & López Herrera, A. (2019). Diversity of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus): A review. Respuestas, 24(2), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.1834
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Abstract
Kikuyo is a perennial plant of rapid growth and high aggressiveness, which represents one of the most important resources for the development of the economy and for the support of specialized livestock in Colombia. It was introduced in the mid-30s, where it has spread thanks to its invasive nature; however, of the studies that have been carried out, few have focused on the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability within their populations, as well as the possible contributions that these can provide to sustainability in the agricultural sector. The objective of this revision is to explore previous information about some basic topics of this forage species and mainly about its diversity and genetic variability in different latitudes. A systematic search was made of scientific articles, indexed journals, books and documents that had as main axis information about basic grass topics and mainly about genetic variability and diversity. In other countries, several lines of Kikuyo grass have been registered, as well as some studies on genetic diversity that have been able to determine, in different populations, a large amount of genetic variation consistent with the wide morphological variability of pasture.
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A. C. Mejía-taborda, R. Ochoa-Ochoa, and M. Medina-sierra, “Effect of different doses of compound fertilizer on the quality of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov.),” 2014.
FEDEGAN, “Análisis del Inventario Ganadero colombiano 2014, Comportamiento y variables explicativas,” 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.fedegan.org.co/publicacion-presentaciones/analisis-del-inventario-ganadero-colombiano-comportamiento-y-variables.
G. K. Fukumoto and C. N. Lee, “Kikuyu grass for forage,” University of Hawaii, 2003.
A. Mila Prieto and G. C. Sanchez, “Evolución de la composición botánica de una pradera de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) recuperada mediante escarificación mecánica y fertilización con compost,” Rev. Corpoica, vol. 5, pp. 70–75, 2004.
J. Echeverri Zuluaga, L. Restrepo Betancur, and J. Parra Suescún, “Evaluación comparativa de los parámetros productivos y agronómicos del pasto kikuyo Pennisetum clandestinum bajo dos metodologías de fertilización,” Rev. Lasallista Investig., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 94–100, 2010.
Y. Urbano, I. Arriojas, and C. Dávila, “Efecto de la fertilizacion en la asociacion Kikuyo -alfalfa (Pennisetum clandestinum-Medicago sativa) 2.Contenido de proteina y digestibilidad,” Zootec. Trop., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 183–198, 1995.
C. A. . Wilen and J. S. Holt, “Spatial Growth of Kikuyugrass ( Pennisetum clandestinum ),” Weed Sci., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 323–330, 1996.
J. M. León, J. E. Mojica, E. Castro, E. A. Cárdenas, and M. L. Pabón, “Nitrogen and phosphorus balance of cows offered different amounts of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and supplemented with oats (Avena sativa) silage,” Rev. Colomb. Ciencias Pecu., vol. 21, pp. 559–570, 2008.
José Edmundo Apraez, Oscar Fernando Benavides, and I. T. Guzman, “Respuesta del pasto kikuyo ( pennisetum clandestinum, hoechtst) a diferentes niveles de fertilización nitrogenada orgánica y/o mineral,” Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas, vol. 16, no. 1 y 2. 1999.
H. Correa, R. Pabón, and J. Carulla, “NoNutritional value of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hoechst Ex Chiov.) for milk production in Colombia: A review: I-Chemical composition, ruminal and posruminal digestibility.,” Livest. Res. Rural Dev., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1–41, 2008.
S. C. Miyasaka, J. D. Hansen, and G. K. Fukumoto, “Resistance to yellow sugarcane aphid: Screening kikuyu and other grasses,” Crop Prot., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 503–510, 2007.
P. Skerman and F. Riveros, Tropical grasses. Rome: Food & Agriculture Org, 1990.
C. A. Wilen et al., “Genotypic Diversity of Kikuyugrass ( Pennisetum clandestinum ) Populations in California Published by : Weed Science Society of America and Allen Press Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/4045485 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR fo,” Weed Sci., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 209–214, 1995.
E. Insuasty, J. Apráez, and J. Navia, “Efecto del arreglo silvopastoril aliso (Alnus Acuminata K.) y kikuyo (Pennisetum Clandestinum H.) sobre el comportamiento productivo en novillas Holstein en el altiplano del departamento de Nariño,” Agroforestería Neotrop., vol. 1, pp. 1–8, 2011.
A. Muscolo, M. R. Panuccio, and A. Eshel, “Ecophysiology of Pennisetum clandestinum: A valuable salt tolerant grass,” Environ. Exp. Bot., vol. 92, pp. 55–63, 2013.
M. Lobo and O. Sánchez, Agrostología, 1a ed. Costa Rica, 2001.
G. Cook et al., “Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool.,” 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/forages/Media/Html/entities/pennisetum_clandestinum.htm.
J. Leon, Botanica de cultivos tropicales, 3rd ed. San José, Costa Rica, 2000.
L. . Bernal, Pastos y forrajes tropicales: producción y manejo, 3rd ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco Ganadero, 1994.
T. . Mears, “Kikuyu-(Pennisetum clandestinum) as a pasture grass-a review,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 139–152, 1970.
M. A. Chemisquy, L. M. Giussani, M. A. Scataglini, E. A. Kellogg, and O. Morrone, “Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): A combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus,” Ann. Bot., vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 107–130, 2010.
J. K. Wipff, “NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN PENNISETUM ( POACEAE : PANICEAE ),” SIDA, Contrib. to Bot., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 523–530, 2001.
S. . García, M. . Islam, C. E. . Clark, and P. . Martin, “Kikuyu-based pasture for dairy production: A review,” Crop Pasture Sci., vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 787–797, 2014.
W. W. Hanna, C. J. Chaparro, B. W. Mathews, J. C. Burns, L. E. Sollenberger, and J. R. Carpenter, “Perennial Pennisetums.,” Warm-season (C4) grasses, no. February 2017, pp. 503–535, 2004.
C. A. Wilen, D. W. Cudney, C. . Elmore, and V. . Gibeault, “Kikuyugrass Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals.,” UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program University of California, 2011. .
J. . Marais, “Factors affecting the nutritive value of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum)-a review,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 35, pp. 65–84, 2001.
C. A. Bourke, “A review of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) poisoning in cattle,” Aust. Vet. J., vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 261–267, 2007.
Ecocrop Database, “Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO).,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropSearchForm.
CABI, “Invasive Species Compendium,” The Association of International Research and Development Centers for Agriculture., 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/39765.
D. . Gade, Plants, Man and the Land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. 1975.
J. Gross, “GOLF COURSE CARE Looking Kindly at Kikuyugrass,” Stover seed, no. August, 2003.
C. Soto and A. Valencia, “Efecto de la edad de corte y del nivel de fertilización nitrogenada sobre el valor energético y proteico del pasto kikuyo,” 18 Rev Col Cienc Pec Vol. 181, 2005, vol. 18, no. 33, pp. 17– 26, 2005.
V. . Youngner, W. . . Wright, and E. Zimmerman, “Kikuyugrass-its management and control,” California Turfgrass Culture, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 1971.
B. Morris, “Variation and Breeding of Kikuyu Grass (Pennisetum clandestinum),” University of Sydney., 2009.
D. . Parker, “Strain variation and seed production in kikuyu gras (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.).,” J. Agric. South Aust., vol. 45, pp. 55–59, 1941.
G. . . Piggot and H. . Morgan, “A genetic basis for male sterility in kikuyu grass.,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 20, pp. 34–36, 1986.
D. J. Carr and K. N. Eng, “Experimental induction of flower formation in kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum hochst. ex chiov.),” Aust. J. Agric. Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 1956.
D. . Loch and J. . . Ferguson, Forage Seed Production Tropical and subtropical species. 1999.
K. Lowe, T. Bowdler, K. Sinclair, T. Holton, and S. Skabo, “Phenotypic and genotypic variation within populations of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) in Australia,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 84–94, 2010.
I. Partridge, “Better pastures for the tropics and subtropics,” Tropical Grassland Society of Australia Inc., 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/pastures/kikuyu.htm.
D. Domínguez and V. Domínguez, “Filogeografía : aplicaciones en taxonomía y conservación O . Domínguez – Domínguez & E . Vázquez – Domínguez,” Anim. Biodivers. Conserv., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 59–70, 2009.
F. Molina-freaner, T. A. Markow, S. Diego, O. R. Rojas-soto, and A. Varela-romero, Diversidad genética, Mora-Cantú. 2010.
T. Holton, S. Skabo, K. Lowe, and K. Fsinclair, “Genetic fingerprinting of natural kikuyu populations in Australia,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 236–237, 2007.
J. Mock, “Management and Genetic Variability of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov.),” University of California., 2016.
S. Aliscioni et al., “New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C 4 origins,” New Phytol., vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 304–312, 2012.
R. Duvall, D. Noll, and H. Minn, “Phylogenetics of paniceae (Poaceae),” Am. J. Bot., vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 1988–1992, 2001.
J. Mojica, E. Castro, J. León, E. A. Cárdenas, M. Pabón, and J. E. Carulla, “Effect of the offer of kikuyu grass ( Pennisetum clandestinum ) on production and bovine milk quality composition,” Livest. Res. Rural Dev., vol. 21, no. 01, pp. 1–11, 2009.
A. C. Mejía-taborda, R. Ochoa-Ochoa, and M. Medina-sierra, “Effect of different doses of compound fertilizer on the quality of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov.),” 2014.
FEDEGAN, “Análisis del Inventario Ganadero colombiano 2014, Comportamiento y variables explicativas,” 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.fedegan.org.co/publicacion-presentaciones/analisis-del-inventario-ganadero-colombiano-comportamiento-y-variables.
G. K. Fukumoto and C. N. Lee, “Kikuyu grass for forage,” University of Hawaii, 2003.
A. Mila Prieto and G. C. Sanchez, “Evolución de la composición botánica de una pradera de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) recuperada mediante escarificación mecánica y fertilización con compost,” Rev. Corpoica, vol. 5, pp. 70–75, 2004.
J. Echeverri Zuluaga, L. Restrepo Betancur, and J. Parra Suescún, “Evaluación comparativa de los parámetros productivos y agronómicos del pasto kikuyo Pennisetum clandestinum bajo dos metodologías de fertilización,” Rev. Lasallista Investig., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 94–100, 2010.
Y. Urbano, I. Arriojas, and C. Dávila, “Efecto de la fertilizacion en la asociacion Kikuyo -alfalfa (Pennisetum clandestinum-Medicago sativa) 2.Contenido de proteina y digestibilidad,” Zootec. Trop., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 183–198, 1995.
C. A. . Wilen and J. S. Holt, “Spatial Growth of Kikuyugrass ( Pennisetum clandestinum ),” Weed Sci., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 323–330, 1996.
J. M. León, J. E. Mojica, E. Castro, E. A. Cárdenas, and M. L. Pabón, “Nitrogen and phosphorus balance of cows offered different amounts of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and supplemented with oats (Avena sativa) silage,” Rev. Colomb. Ciencias Pecu., vol. 21, pp. 559–570, 2008.
José Edmundo Apraez, Oscar Fernando Benavides, and I. T. Guzman, “Respuesta del pasto kikuyo ( pennisetum clandestinum, hoechtst) a diferentes niveles de fertilización nitrogenada orgánica y/o mineral,” Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas, vol. 16, no. 1 y 2. 1999.
H. Correa, R. Pabón, and J. Carulla, “NoNutritional value of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hoechst Ex Chiov.) for milk production in Colombia: A review: I-Chemical composition, ruminal and posruminal digestibility.,” Livest. Res. Rural Dev., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1–41, 2008.
S. C. Miyasaka, J. D. Hansen, and G. K. Fukumoto, “Resistance to yellow sugarcane aphid: Screening kikuyu and other grasses,” Crop Prot., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 503–510, 2007.
P. Skerman and F. Riveros, Tropical grasses. Rome: Food & Agriculture Org, 1990.
C. A. Wilen et al., “Genotypic Diversity of Kikuyugrass ( Pennisetum clandestinum ) Populations in California Published by : Weed Science Society of America and Allen Press Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/4045485 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR fo,” Weed Sci., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 209–214, 1995.
E. Insuasty, J. Apráez, and J. Navia, “Efecto del arreglo silvopastoril aliso (Alnus Acuminata K.) y kikuyo (Pennisetum Clandestinum H.) sobre el comportamiento productivo en novillas Holstein en el altiplano del departamento de Nariño,” Agroforestería Neotrop., vol. 1, pp. 1–8, 2011.
A. Muscolo, M. R. Panuccio, and A. Eshel, “Ecophysiology of Pennisetum clandestinum: A valuable salt tolerant grass,” Environ. Exp. Bot., vol. 92, pp. 55–63, 2013.
M. Lobo and O. Sánchez, Agrostología, 1a ed. Costa Rica, 2001.
G. Cook et al., “Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool.,” 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/forages/Media/Html/entities/pennisetum_clandestinum.htm.
J. Leon, Botanica de cultivos tropicales, 3rd ed. San José, Costa Rica, 2000.
L. . Bernal, Pastos y forrajes tropicales: producción y manejo, 3rd ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco Ganadero, 1994.
T. . Mears, “Kikuyu-(Pennisetum clandestinum) as a pasture grass-a review,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 139–152, 1970.
M. A. Chemisquy, L. M. Giussani, M. A. Scataglini, E. A. Kellogg, and O. Morrone, “Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): A combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus,” Ann. Bot., vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 107–130, 2010.
J. K. Wipff, “NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN PENNISETUM ( POACEAE : PANICEAE ),” SIDA, Contrib. to Bot., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 523–530, 2001.
S. . García, M. . Islam, C. E. . Clark, and P. . Martin, “Kikuyu-based pasture for dairy production: A review,” Crop Pasture Sci., vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 787–797, 2014.
W. W. Hanna, C. J. Chaparro, B. W. Mathews, J. C. Burns, L. E. Sollenberger, and J. R. Carpenter, “Perennial Pennisetums.,” Warm-season (C4) grasses, no. February 2017, pp. 503–535, 2004.
C. A. Wilen, D. W. Cudney, C. . Elmore, and V. . Gibeault, “Kikuyugrass Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals.,” UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program University of California, 2011. .
J. . Marais, “Factors affecting the nutritive value of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum)-a review,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 35, pp. 65–84, 2001.
C. A. Bourke, “A review of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) poisoning in cattle,” Aust. Vet. J., vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 261–267, 2007.
Ecocrop Database, “Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO).,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropSearchForm.
CABI, “Invasive Species Compendium,” The Association of International Research and Development Centers for Agriculture., 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/39765.
D. . Gade, Plants, Man and the Land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. 1975.
J. Gross, “GOLF COURSE CARE Looking Kindly at Kikuyugrass,” Stover seed, no. August, 2003.
C. Soto and A. Valencia, “Efecto de la edad de corte y del nivel de fertilización nitrogenada sobre el valor energético y proteico del pasto kikuyo,” 18 Rev Col Cienc Pec Vol. 181, 2005, vol. 18, no. 33, pp. 17– 26, 2005.
V. . Youngner, W. . . Wright, and E. Zimmerman, “Kikuyugrass-its management and control,” California Turfgrass Culture, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 1971.
B. Morris, “Variation and Breeding of Kikuyu Grass (Pennisetum clandestinum),” University of Sydney., 2009.
D. . Parker, “Strain variation and seed production in kikuyu gras (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.).,” J. Agric. South Aust., vol. 45, pp. 55–59, 1941.
G. . . Piggot and H. . Morgan, “A genetic basis for male sterility in kikuyu grass.,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 20, pp. 34–36, 1986.
D. J. Carr and K. N. Eng, “Experimental induction of flower formation in kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum hochst. ex chiov.),” Aust. J. Agric. Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 1956.
D. . Loch and J. . . Ferguson, Forage Seed Production Tropical and subtropical species. 1999.
K. Lowe, T. Bowdler, K. Sinclair, T. Holton, and S. Skabo, “Phenotypic and genotypic variation within populations of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) in Australia,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 84–94, 2010.
I. Partridge, “Better pastures for the tropics and subtropics,” Tropical Grassland Society of Australia Inc., 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/pastures/kikuyu.htm.
D. Domínguez and V. Domínguez, “Filogeografía : aplicaciones en taxonomía y conservación O . Domínguez – Domínguez & E . Vázquez – Domínguez,” Anim. Biodivers. Conserv., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 59–70, 2009.
F. Molina-freaner, T. A. Markow, S. Diego, O. R. Rojas-soto, and A. Varela-romero, Diversidad genética, Mora-Cantú. 2010.
T. Holton, S. Skabo, K. Lowe, and K. Fsinclair, “Genetic fingerprinting of natural kikuyu populations in Australia,” Trop. Grasslands, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 236–237, 2007.
J. Mock, “Management and Genetic Variability of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov.),” University of California., 2016.
S. Aliscioni et al., “New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C 4 origins,” New Phytol., vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 304–312, 2012.
R. Duvall, D. Noll, and H. Minn, “Phylogenetics of paniceae (Poaceae),” Am. J. Bot., vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 1988–1992, 2001.
