Therapeutic Adherence in anticoagulated patients with a prosthetic mechanical valve Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes anticoagulados con prótesis valvular mecánica

Abstract

Objective: To describe the level of therapeutic adherence of patients with a prosthetic mechanical valve who receive oral anticoagulants in an institution of IV level. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study performed during the second semester of 2016 and 2017. The sample was composed by 89 patients with prosthetic mechanical valves who were subjected to cardiac surgery in an institution of IV level from 2011 to 2016. The survey used was “Instrument to evaluate the factors that influence the adherence to pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in patients with risk factors of cardiovascular disease, third version”, elaborated by Bonilla and de Reales in 2006. The survey was composed of 53 items and 4 dimensions: socioeconomic factors, and factors related to the provider, the therapy and the patient. The instrument has a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.82. Results: 90% of the patients showed a good level of adherence; the factors that intervened in favor, were those related with the system and the health equipment; the dimension linked to socioeconomic factors intervened negatively in the adherence to the treatment. Conclusion: Good therapeutic adherence exists in the surveyed patients; also, it is assumed that its necessary to promote interdisciplinary actions in the monitoring programs for anticoagulated patients, such actions should be focused on factors that influence in the therapeutic adherence.