Transformación digital y rendimiento organizativo: Un estudio del Servicio de Inmigración de Nigeria
Digital Transformation and Organizational Performance: A Study of the Nigerian Immigration Service
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Este estudio examina la relación a largo plazo entre la inversión extranjera directa (IED), la renta nacional bruta (RNB) per cápita, las exportaciones y el crecimiento económico en Zambia desde 1994 hasta 2023. El objetivo principal es analizar el impacto de la IED, la RNB per cápita y las exportaciones en el crecimiento económico de Zambia. La IED está reconocida como catalizador del desarrollo económico, ya que facilita la transferencia de tecnología, la formación de capital y la creación de empleo. A pesar de la dependencia histórica de Zambia de las exportaciones de cobre y del elevado gasto público, la liberalización económica desde 1991 ha tenido como objetivo diversificar la economía y atraer IED. Utilizando datos secundarios del Banco Mundial y análisis de regresión con el programa Jamovi, el estudio evalúa el impacto de la IED y otros factores macroeconómicos en el PIB de Zambia. Los resultados muestran que, si bien la IED contribuye positivamente al crecimiento económico, la RNB per cápita y las exportaciones tienen un impacto más significativo. En concreto, un aumento unitario de la IED se asocia a un incremento moderado pero significativo del PIB, lo que pone de relieve su papel en la productividad y el desarrollo sectorial. El estudio subraya la necesidad de que Zambia refuerce su marco institucional, mejore las infraestructuras e invierta en capital humano para mantener las entradas de IED y reducir las vulnerabilidades económicas. Diversificar la inversión más allá de los recursos naturales es fundamental para el crecimiento y la resistencia a largo plazo. La investigación futura debería explorar más a fondo las dinámicas sectoriales y regionales con datos desglosados y métodos cualitativos para captar los impactos detallados sobre el empleo, la distribución de los ingresos y la sostenibilidad medioambiental. Este estudio contribuye a la bibliografía al proporcionar un análisis exhaustivo del papel de la inversión extranjera directa (IED) en el desarrollo económico de Zambia, y al aportar ideas basadas en pruebas para que los responsables políticos optimicen las estrategias económicas y atraigan inversiones diversificadas para el desarrollo sostenible.
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