Fluidos magnetorreológicos: síntesis, propiedades y aplicaciones

Magnetorheological fluids: synthesis, properties and applications

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Manuel Alejandro Sánchez-Alonso
Jesús Emilio Camporredondo-Saucedo
Laura Guadalupe Castruita-Avila
Fabián Equihua-Guillén
Adrián Moisés García-Lara
Abril Alexia Muñoz-Zertuche
Resumen

Los fluidos magnetorreológicos tienen la capacidad de modificar su viscosidad rápidamente al someterlos a un campo magnético, cualidad que los clasifica en la categoría de los materiales inteligentes. Dichos fluidos incluyen tres componentes principales; el fluido base que generalmente es aceite mineral o sintético, partículas magnetizables las cuales se dispersan en el fluido base y los aditivos o estabilizadores que evitan la aglomeración y sedimentación de las partículas, así como la degradación inducida por el medio portador. El reto principal de estos fluidos es mantener la respuesta reológica al campo magnético, así como evitar la inestabilidad química y microestructural del fluido magnetorreológico. En la presente investigación se realizó una  revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva para comprender los aspectos principales de estos tipos de materiales, sus propiedades así como las principales aplicaciones en las distintas ramas de la industria y la medicina. Se discuten las aportaciones más recientes enfocadas a la estabilidad química de las partículas magnéticas mediante la aplicación de recubrimientos superficiales.

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