Phase-out of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration systems: Status of process in Colombia
Eliminación de refrigerantes de alto GWP en sistemas de refrigeración: Estado del proceso en Colombia
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García Pabón, J. J. (2019). Phase-out of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration systems: Status of process in Colombia. Respuestas, 24(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.1832
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Abstract
This article is intended to draw attention of the community in general to the changes that have taken place in refrigeration and air conditioning industry of the HFC refrigerants currently used. The HFCs are not Ozone-depleting substances, but the some HFCs are greenhouse gases with very high potential for global warming (GWPs). Thus, more than 150 countries sign up the Kigali Amendment in 2016, establishing the decreasing of the production and consumption of the HFCs. This paper briefly describes the problems surrounding the HFCs and summarizes the fluids considered as alternatives for the main HFCs used in refrigeration systems presented in the scientific literature. In addition, the outlook and the current situation of the HFC withdrawal process in Colombia are analyzed.
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References
“The Montreal Protocol’s Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) uses the term “low-GWP’ to refer to refrigerants with GWPs of 300 or lower while ‘moderate-GWP’ refers to refrigerants with GWPs of 1,000 or lower.8 Refrigerants with a GPW of over 10.”
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Y. Xu, D. Zaelke, G. J. M. Velders, and V. Ramanathan, “The role of HFCs in mitigating 21st century climate change,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 6083–6089, Jun. 2013.
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A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, Á. Barragán-Cervera, F. Molés, and B. Peris, “Analysis based on EU Regulation No 517/2014 of new HFC/HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration and HVAC systems,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 52, pp. 21–31, 2015.
D. Di Battista and R. Cipollone, “High efficiency air conditioning model based analysis for the automotive sector,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 64, pp. 108–122, 2016.
V. Oruç, A. G. Devecioğlu, and S. Ender, “Improvement of energy parameters using R442A and R453A in a refrigeration system operating with R404A,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 129, pp. 243–249, Jan. 2018.
A. Alabdulkarem, R. Eldeeb, Y. Hwang, V. Aute, and R. Radermacher, “Testing, simulation and soft-optimization of R410A low-GWP alternatives in heat pump system,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 60, pp. 106–117, 2015.
N. Abas, R. Nawaz, and N. Khan, “Parametric quantification of low GWP refrigerant for thermosyphon driven solar water heating system,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 804–811, 2015.
R. Llopis, R. Cabello, D. Sánchez, and E. Torrella, “Energy improvements of CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycles using dedicated mechanical subcooling,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 55, pp. 129–141, Jul. 2015.
P. Maina and Z. Huan, “A review of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in refrigeration technology,” S. Afr. J. Sci., vol. 111, no. 9/10, Sep. 2015.
K. Nawaz, B. Shen, A. Elatar, V. Baxter, and O. Abdelaziz, “R290 (propane) and R600a (isobutane) as natural refrigerants for residential heat pump water heaters,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 127, pp. 870–883, Dec. 2017.
K. A. Alkhaledi and K. Means, “A study on the use of propane (R-290) in vending machines as a substitute for R-134a to minimise the global warming potential,” Int. J. Glob. Warm., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 131, 2018.
K. W. Kim et al., “Thermodynamic properties of HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene),” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 24–30, Jun. 2014.
IPCC, “Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis,” 2013.
Y. ZHAO, J. CHEN, B. XU, and B. HE, “Performance of R-1234Yf in Mobile Air Conditioning System Under Different Heat Load Conditions,” Int. J. Air- Conditioning Refrig., vol. 20, no. 03, p. 1250016, 2012.
Z. Qi, “Performance improvement potentials of R1234yf mobile air conditioning system,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 58, pp. 35–40, 2015.
Z. Meng, H. Zhang, M. Lei, Y. Qin, and J. Qiu, “Performance of low GWP R1234yf/R134a mixture as a replacement for R134a in automotive air conditioning systems,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 116, pp. 362–370, 2018.
A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, F. Molés, Á. B. Cervera, B. Peris, and G. Verdú, “A review of refrigerant R1234ze(E) recent investigations,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 95, pp. 211–222, Feb. 2016.
M. O. McLinden, A. F. Kazakov, J. Steven Brown, and P. A. Domanski, “A thermodynamic analysis of refrigerants: Possibilities and tradeoffs for Low-GWP refrigerants,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 80–92, 2014.
P. A. Domanski, R. Brignoli, J. S. Brown, A. F. Kazakov, and M. O. McLinden, “Low-GWP refrigerants for medium and high- pressure applications,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 84, pp. 198–209, 2017.
B. O. Bolaji, “Experimental study of R152a and R32 to replace R134a in a domestic refrigerator,” Energy, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 3793–3798, Sep. 2010.
A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, P. Makhnatch, and F. Molés, “Refrigerant R32 as lower GWP working fluid in residential air conditioning systems in Europe and the USA,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 80, no. February, pp. 1031–1042, 2017.
O. Abdelaziz et al., “Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation for High-Ambient- Temperature Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Mini-Split Air Conditioners,” 2015.
O. Abdelaziz et al., “Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation for Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Rooftop Air Conditioners,” 2016.
M. de A. de Colombia, “Boletin Ozono,” 2010.
UNDP, CCAC, Colombia. Colombia HFC Inventory Report. 2014.
Paul Ashford, UNDP, CCAC, Colombia. Colombia HFC Emissions Assessment. 2015.
Omarly Acevedo. Pautas para el uso sostenible de los refrigerantes halogenados en sistemas de refrigeración y aire acondicionado. Boletín Ozono. No 38. 2015.
G. J. M. Velders, S. Solomon, and J. S. Daniel, “Growth of climate change commitments from HFC banks and emissions,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 4563–4572, May 2014.
UNFCCC, “The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol: HFC Phase-down,” 2016.
Y. Xu, D. Zaelke, G. J. M. Velders, and V. Ramanathan, “The role of HFCs in mitigating 21st century climate change,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 6083–6089, Jun. 2013.
CCACoalition, “Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC),” 2010.
A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, Á. Barragán-Cervera, F. Molés, and B. Peris, “Analysis based on EU Regulation No 517/2014 of new HFC/HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration and HVAC systems,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 52, pp. 21–31, 2015.
D. Di Battista and R. Cipollone, “High efficiency air conditioning model based analysis for the automotive sector,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 64, pp. 108–122, 2016.
V. Oruç, A. G. Devecioğlu, and S. Ender, “Improvement of energy parameters using R442A and R453A in a refrigeration system operating with R404A,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 129, pp. 243–249, Jan. 2018.
A. Alabdulkarem, R. Eldeeb, Y. Hwang, V. Aute, and R. Radermacher, “Testing, simulation and soft-optimization of R410A low-GWP alternatives in heat pump system,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 60, pp. 106–117, 2015.
N. Abas, R. Nawaz, and N. Khan, “Parametric quantification of low GWP refrigerant for thermosyphon driven solar water heating system,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 804–811, 2015.
R. Llopis, R. Cabello, D. Sánchez, and E. Torrella, “Energy improvements of CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycles using dedicated mechanical subcooling,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 55, pp. 129–141, Jul. 2015.
P. Maina and Z. Huan, “A review of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in refrigeration technology,” S. Afr. J. Sci., vol. 111, no. 9/10, Sep. 2015.
K. Nawaz, B. Shen, A. Elatar, V. Baxter, and O. Abdelaziz, “R290 (propane) and R600a (isobutane) as natural refrigerants for residential heat pump water heaters,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 127, pp. 870–883, Dec. 2017.
K. A. Alkhaledi and K. Means, “A study on the use of propane (R-290) in vending machines as a substitute for R-134a to minimise the global warming potential,” Int. J. Glob. Warm., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 131, 2018.
K. W. Kim et al., “Thermodynamic properties of HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene),” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 24–30, Jun. 2014.
IPCC, “Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis,” 2013.
Y. ZHAO, J. CHEN, B. XU, and B. HE, “Performance of R-1234Yf in Mobile Air Conditioning System Under Different Heat Load Conditions,” Int. J. Air- Conditioning Refrig., vol. 20, no. 03, p. 1250016, 2012.
Z. Qi, “Performance improvement potentials of R1234yf mobile air conditioning system,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 58, pp. 35–40, 2015.
Z. Meng, H. Zhang, M. Lei, Y. Qin, and J. Qiu, “Performance of low GWP R1234yf/R134a mixture as a replacement for R134a in automotive air conditioning systems,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 116, pp. 362–370, 2018.
A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, F. Molés, Á. B. Cervera, B. Peris, and G. Verdú, “A review of refrigerant R1234ze(E) recent investigations,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 95, pp. 211–222, Feb. 2016.
M. O. McLinden, A. F. Kazakov, J. Steven Brown, and P. A. Domanski, “A thermodynamic analysis of refrigerants: Possibilities and tradeoffs for Low-GWP refrigerants,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 80–92, 2014.
P. A. Domanski, R. Brignoli, J. S. Brown, A. F. Kazakov, and M. O. McLinden, “Low-GWP refrigerants for medium and high- pressure applications,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 84, pp. 198–209, 2017.
B. O. Bolaji, “Experimental study of R152a and R32 to replace R134a in a domestic refrigerator,” Energy, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 3793–3798, Sep. 2010.
A. Mota-Babiloni, J. Navarro-Esbrí, P. Makhnatch, and F. Molés, “Refrigerant R32 as lower GWP working fluid in residential air conditioning systems in Europe and the USA,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 80, no. February, pp. 1031–1042, 2017.
O. Abdelaziz et al., “Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation for High-Ambient- Temperature Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Mini-Split Air Conditioners,” 2015.
O. Abdelaziz et al., “Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation for Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Rooftop Air Conditioners,” 2016.
M. de A. de Colombia, “Boletin Ozono,” 2010.
UNDP, CCAC, Colombia. Colombia HFC Inventory Report. 2014.
Paul Ashford, UNDP, CCAC, Colombia. Colombia HFC Emissions Assessment. 2015.
Omarly Acevedo. Pautas para el uso sostenible de los refrigerantes halogenados en sistemas de refrigeración y aire acondicionado. Boletín Ozono. No 38. 2015.
