Adaptación de las cepas de Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans y Leptospirillum ferrooxidans en el concentrado de esfalerita de residuos mineros

Adaptation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans strains on sphalerite concentrate from mining waste

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Lina M. Miranda Arroyave
Marco Antonio Márquez Godoy
Luz Marina Ocampo Carmona
Resumen

Una de las principales características de los microorganismos empleados en el proceso de lixiviación, es su capacidad de adaptación a ambientes agresivos, caracterizados por una notable presencia de metales pesados. En  este  estudio  se  evaluó  la  adaptación  de  las  cepas  Acidithiobacillus  ferrooxidans,  Acidithiobacillus  thiooxidans  y  Leptospirillum  ferrooxidans,  sobre  un  concentrado  de  esfalerita,  proveniente  de  residuos  mineros. En los ensayos de adaptación, se suplementó paulatinamente la fuente de energía (sulfato ferroso) cambiándola por porcentajes de pulpa mineral, finalizando con subcultivos sin adición de fuente de energía externa.  Los resultados muestran que las cepas A. ferrooxidans y A. thiooxidans son más resistentes a altas concentraciones de esfalerita, frente a la cepa de L. ferrooxidans, puesto que, en el caso de esta cepa, fue necesario repetir algunos ensayos (8% de pulpa), ya que era evidente un desarrollo deficiente. Lo anterior se asoció con factores como la disminución de la fuente energética Fe+2, el aumento de la densidad de pulpa, la acumulación de metales tóxicos y productos secundarios de la disolución de los minerales y el aumento del pH.

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