Wireless sensor network with cluster topology with sink node in unmanned aerial vehicle for data collection of edaphoclimatic variables of a banana plantation Red inalámbrica de sensores con topología clúster con nodo sumidero en vehículo aéreo no tripulado para la recolección de datos de las variables edafoclimaticas de un cultivo de banano

Abstract

In this work, the parameters for the connectivity of a wireless sensor network with cluster topology with a sink node in an unmanned aerial vehicle for the collection of data on the edaphoclimatic variables of a Williams variety banana crop are established. For this, the losses of the wireless channel in the plantation are modeled at a frequency of 900 MHz, with the purpose of estimating the distance between the nodes of the network. In addition, the overflight height and the approach distance of the drone to the cluster head node are estimated, using 2400 MHz transmitters and λ/4 line-of-sight antennas. A loss model is obtained with an average channel attenuation of 68.99 dB, a path loss exponent of 4.88 and a standard deviation of 4.2 dB. A distance between nodes of 71 meters is determined using a shadow of 4.3 dB for a probability of success of 85%. An overflight height of 40 meters is established with an approach distance to the cluster head node of 20 meters. It is concluded that it is possible to implement this type of network in this plantation using XBee technology for communication between the cluster nodes and WiFi to connect the sink node and the cluster head nodes.