A abordagem disciplinar unificadora no contexto dos cuidados paliativos
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Introdução: Os cuidados paliativos se tornaram um desafio para os governos devido às repercussões para os pacientes, famílias e sistemas de saúde. A enfermagem tem um papel preponderante ao oferecer uma prática que responde às necessidades dos pacientes em situações paliativas, razão pela qual é necessário avançar na análise de propostas disciplinares, como a de Willis, Grace e Roy, que propõem uma abordagem unificadora central para a disciplina da enfermagem. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão exploratória utilizando os seguintes descritores: cuidados paliativos; abordagem unificadora e disciplina de enfermagem e suas dimensões: humanização, significado, escolha, qualidade de vida e acompanhamento no processo de vida e de morte. Foram utilizados bancos de dados, dicionários, livros de autores icônicos e páginas da Internet relacionadas à saúde no período entre 2000 e 2020. Os idiomas utilizados foram o espanhol, o inglês e o português. Quarenta e cinco artigos foram analisados. Resultados: estes emergiram das categorias a priori mencionadas acima, que fazem parte da abordagem disciplinar unificadora e ao mesmo tempo nos permitem avançar na compreensão de como os cuidados paliativos são concebidos como parte deles, o que facilitou a reflexão e o progresso nas propostas disciplinares a partir de um componente ontológico. Conclusão: a prática de enfermagem envolve aspectos relacionados a: humanização, significado, escolha, qualidade de vida e acompanhamento no processo de vida e de morte. Estes aspectos são expandidos a partir de uma visão epistemológica do cuidado, o que facilita o progresso na compreensão e aplicação. É uma prioridade aplicar estas questões disciplinares na prática dos cuidados paliativos, onde a interdisciplinaridade é uma necessidade e uma realidade.
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