Sensibilidad De Plantas De Tomate Al Marchitamiento Causado Por Fusarium Oxysporum Bajo Condiciones De Salinidad.
Sensitivity of tomato plants to the wild caused by fusarium oxysporum under conditions of salinity
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Bajo condiciones normales de campo, las plantas de cultivo interactúan con un gran número de factores
bióticos y abióticos que condicionan sus límites de productividad constituyéndose muchas veces en factores
estresantes que desvían el óptimo vegetal. Este artículo evaluó la sensibilidad de las plantas de tomate a estrés
inducido por sales de NaCl y el hongo Fusarium oxysporum (Orden Hypocreales, Familia Nectriaceae) bajo
condiciones de invernadero. Se realizó una fase de aislamiento e identificación del hongo en laboratorio,
y luego fue inoculado en plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (Familia Solanaceae) variedad
Calima. Las plántulas fueron sembradas en materas con sustrato tierra cascarilla de arroz estéril y 15 días
después del establecimiento, se iniciaron los tratamientos con sales 20, 40 y 80 mM de NaCl de manera
gradual, hasta que se completara la dosis para cada tratamiento. El testigo se regó únicamente con agua. 110
días después de la siembra, se evaluó la biomasa seca, se midió la clorofila con un clorofilómetro, el área
foliar y la conductividad eléctrica en solución del suelo con un conductímetro. El peso seco total, el área
foliar, índice en la concentración de la clorofila se redujeron a medida que aumentaba concentración salina y
el efecto del hongo. El peso específico foliar, la eficiencia en el uso del agua y la conductividad eléctrica fue
mayor en las plantas afectadas por los dos factores. La aplicación simultanea de los dos factores estresantes,
Fusarium oxysporum y la concentración de NaCl, incrementaron el efecto de cada uno de ellos e indujeron
un mayor nivel de estrés en las plantas de tomate variedad Calima.
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