Análisis de fallas en motor Diésel monocilíndrico SK-MDF300 a través de las emisiones acústicas
Failure analysis in single-cylinder diesel engine SK-MDF300 through acoustic emissions
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En el presente estudio, el diagnóstico de un motor Diesel de un solo cilindro se evalúa a través de las emisiones acústicas. La señal acústica de cuatro lugares del motor, que incluyen el bloque del motor, el sistema de inyección, el depósito de combustible y la bomba de combustible, se analiza mediante la técnica de la raíz cuadrada media. El análisis se lleva a cabo a una velocidad fija de 3200 rpm y un porcentaje de carga del 20%, 40% y 80%. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la comparación de las señales acústicas de dos períodos de tiempo diferentes permite evaluar rápida y fácilmente los cambios en las condiciones del motor. La sensibilidad de las emisiones acústicas permite identificar diferentes condiciones de carga del motor. El estudio de la señal acústica en diferentes ubicaciones del motor permitió identificar el sistema de inyección como una de las principales áreas propensas a fallar o a cambios en su condición de funcionamiento. Además, el método de análisis basado en el RMS de la señal acústica permitió identificar claramente los fallos en el sistema de inyección. Lo anterior se pudo realizar comparando las señales y analizando la variabilidad de la señal. De esta manera, se demuestra la capacidad de las emisiones acústicas para realizar un diagnóstico rápido y de bajo costo, sin necesidad de realizar modificaciones físicas relevantes en el motor.
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