Percepciones e implicaciones en personas con ostomías de eliminación. Revisión narrativa
Perceptions and implications in people with elimination ostomies. Narrative review
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Introducción: Las personas que experimentan el tener una ostomía de eliminación como parte de un tratamiento clínico enfrentan cambios que impactan su calidad de vida, a nivel familiar, social, laboral y económico. Metodología: Revisión narrativa, que incluyó artículos de todos los diseños metodológicos en español, inglés y portugués, disponibles en las bases de datos Scopus, Ovid Nursing, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Sage, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Google Scholar y repositorios universitarios, con términos de búsqueda MeSH “Ostomy and Rural Population and caregivers”, de los últimos 10 años. Estos artículos surtieron análisis teórico para la construcción de categorías temáticas afines. Resultados: Las categorías temáticas obtenidas son: 1) significado de tener una ostomía: destino, estigma, cambio; 2) afectaciones en la calidad de vida: cambios físicos y de roles; 3) estrategias de afrontamiento: intervenciones integrales; 4) impacto de las intervenciones educativas: en el preoperatorio y para el cuidado; 5) importancia del autocuidado: facilita la adaptación; y 6) rol de los cuidadores: asumen la carga de cuidado. Conclusiones: Las personas con ostomías, sus cuidadores y familias experimentan diferentes cambios en las dinámicas y roles de vida, por lo cual requieren soporte en salud con apoyo emocional, en habilidades cognitivas e instrumentales.
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